Difference between revisions of "Syntax"
From Lortho
m (→Word Order) |
m (→Word Order) |
||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
The basic word order is [[wikipedia:Verb-subject-object|Verb-Subject-Object]] (VSO). Lortho contains a lot of information in the verb and the noun or noun phrase. The verb is conjugated by person and gender and thus pronouns are largely unnecessary except for emphasis or clarification. The nouns are altered to denote case, greatly diminishing the need for prepositions. Below are the basic syntax rules for word order: | The basic word order is [[wikipedia:Verb-subject-object|Verb-Subject-Object]] (VSO). Lortho contains a lot of information in the verb and the noun or noun phrase. The verb is conjugated by person and gender and thus pronouns are largely unnecessary except for emphasis or clarification. The nouns are altered to denote case, greatly diminishing the need for prepositions. Below are the basic syntax rules for word order: | ||
| − | #The word order changes to Subject-Verb-Object only in the vocative case. | + | #The word order changes to Subject-Verb-Object only in the vocative case; however, this is optional, not a rule. |
#Adjectives are placed '''''before''''' the noun. | #Adjectives are placed '''''before''''' the noun. | ||
#*Ordinal numbers are treated as adjectives (see below regarding [[#Word_Agreement|word agreement]]) | #*Ordinal numbers are treated as adjectives (see below regarding [[#Word_Agreement|word agreement]]) | ||
Revision as of 22:19, 26 May 2018
Morphosyntactic Alignment
The morphosyntactic alignment of Lortho is Nominative - Accusative.
Word Order
The basic word order is Verb-Subject-Object (VSO). Lortho contains a lot of information in the verb and the noun or noun phrase. The verb is conjugated by person and gender and thus pronouns are largely unnecessary except for emphasis or clarification. The nouns are altered to denote case, greatly diminishing the need for prepositions. Below are the basic syntax rules for word order:
- The word order changes to Subject-Verb-Object only in the vocative case; however, this is optional, not a rule.
- Adjectives are placed before the noun.
- Ordinal numbers are treated as adjectives (see below regarding word agreement)
- Adverbs are placed after the verb.
- Interrogatives (who, what, et al) are placed before the verb.
- The question marker (represented in the Leipzig Glossing Rules as Q) is placed at the beginning of the sentence to denote a question.
Word Agreement
There are four basic rules which govern agreement between words:
- Verbs must agree in gender and number with the subject (explicit or implied)
- Cardinal numbers do not take case nor gender
- Nouns are not pluralized when counted
-
kilikh-in kansaphu-ne-mesee -1MSG tree.F -PL-ACC
I see trees -
kilikh-in bon kansaphu-mesee -1MSG two tree.F -ACC
I see two trees (lit: I see two tree)
-
- Adjectives must agree with the noun which they modify in gender, but not in grammatical case nor number
